Seeds of the Khuman tree (Bilsan) Sambucus nigra

What is Bilsan Alkhamaan Black (scientific name: Sambucus nigra) (known by several names: Bilsan, Balsam, Basham, Balsam, Balsam fruit, Balsam seed, Al-Mansham, Al-Barla; common names; Black Elderberry, Large Khamaan, Khabour, Wadmadmon) is a plant species belonging to the genus Khamaan from the Caprifoliaceae family. It is called in English common Elder berry, and among its other names are Black Khamaan, Khabour. Plant description: A tree or shrub reaching up to 10 meters in height, its leaves are oval-shaped, serrated, opposite, its flowers are in clusters, clearly appearing as flat-topped, yellowish-white. Elder trees are distinguished by these upright, flowering clusters during the flowering period, and the tree bears black fruits in summer. Unfortunately, this tree flowers but does not fruit in some areas such as the Levant. This tree is usually found in forests and wild thickets and is cultivated in some areas as a hedge tree. Plant history: The genus name Sambucus dates back to ancient Greece, where they had a musical instrument called Sambuke, believed to have been made from the wood of this tree. The species name nigra refers to the black color of the fruits. The use of this plant in medicine dates back to Roman times, when its fruit juice was used as a beneficial hair dye. Chemical analysis: This plant contains various substances such as Viburmic Acid, found in the bark, and elder oil, a volatile oil present in the flowers, which is light yellow in color, bitter and pungent in taste. It also contains tannins, sugars, fats, resins, and other coloring substances. Current uses in folk medicine: The flowers, fruits, leaves, and bark are used. - The flowers are stimulant, and also useful as a diuretic and a gentle intestinal laxative. With mint, the flowers are used to treat influenza, colds, coughs, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Used as a hot infusion. - The leaves are used with the flowers as a beneficial rinse for wounds and internally to treat coughs and as a stronger laxative than the flowers. - Elder bark has diuretic, emetic, and laxative properties; the bark refers to the light-colored inner layer, not the dark outer bark, which is toxic. - The black elderberry fruits are used for their diuretic, sweating, and pain-relieving properties, and are used in treating rheumatic and neurological pains, and even to reduce the severity of some diseases like swine disease. They also have a laxative effect, and internally, the infusion of leaves or flowers is used at a tablespoon per glass of water. In modern medicine: - Its extract prepared from flowers, leaves, and fruits is used as a treatment for convulsions in homeopathy. - Cosmetic uses: The infusion of flowers is used for facial washing to increase blood circulation and give a good glow. Physiological effect: Excessive intake of elderberry extracts may cause some side effects or signs such as headaches, swelling of the mucous membranes of the mouth and pharynx, clear frequent urination, palpitations with shortness of breath, irregular pulse, and other signs.