Scientific thinking in Islamic civilization

Passing through the stage of criticism is considered urgent in any intellectual revolution and development of sciences; it is impossible to reach full maturity and true originality without going through it. But the difference between scientists of Islamic experimental civilization and others was in the scope that witnessed their critical efforts. If Galen's criticism was limited to his Greek predecessors only, then criticism among Muslim scholars was central in every scientific work they produced. They dealt with all scientific issues raised—whether from the heritage of the early ones or even from scientists of Islamic civilization—using scientific logic, meaning criticism became a continuous scientific practice that is part of the scientific method in research in their experimental sciences, leading to the progression of human knowledge. Therefore; the presence of Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham), Jabir ibn Hayyan, and their like was necessary and a prelude to the scientific contributions of Galileo, Newton, and Copernicus. If Alhazen had not appeared, Newton and his colleagues would have had to wait at least six centuries before starting from where Jabir ibn Hayyan and his peers began.