Principles of Criminology, Punishment, and Criminal Policy, Causes of Crime and Their Penal Prevention by Dr. Samir Aaliha

Principles of Criminology and Punishment and Criminal Policy Causes of Crime and Their Penal Prevention Principles of Criminology and Punishment and Criminal Policy Causes of Crime and Their Penal Prevention Author: Samir Alia Classification: Criminals Year of Publication: 2019 ISBN: 9786144013151 Book Details Number of Volumes: 1 Edition Number: 1 Binding Type: Hard Cover Number of Pages: 526 Size: 17*24 Paper Type: White Printing Colors: Black and White Content of the Book Introduction Part One: Principles of Criminology (Criminologie) Chapter One: The Nature of Criminology First Section: Definition of Criminology First Subsection: Meaning and Importance of Criminology (First) Definition of Criminology: (Second) - Importance of Studying Criminology: (A) - Its Importance for Legislative Differentiation of Penalty: (B) - Its Importance for Judicial Differentiation of Penalty: (C) - Its Importance for Executive Differentiation of Penalty: Second Subsection: Relationship of Criminology with Other Sciences (First) - Relationship of Criminology with the Penal Code: (Second) - Relationship of Criminology with the Code of Criminal Procedure: (A) - Pre-trial Verification of the Accused's Conditions before Judgment: (B) - Necessity of Specialized Criminal Judges: (C) - Adoption of the System of the Penalty Enforcement Judge: Thirdly - Relationship of Criminology with the Science of Punishment: (Fourth) - Relationship of Criminology with Criminal Policy: Third Subsection: History of Criminology Introduction: (First) - The First Nucleus of Criminology Research: (Second) - The Emergence of Criminology: (Third) - The Appearance of Criminology: Fourth Subsection: Branches of Criminology Introduction and Classification: (First) - Forensic Anthropology (Criminal Anthropology): (Second) - Forensic Biology: (Third) - Forensic Psychology: (Fourth) - Forensic Sociology: Second Research Methodologies in Criminology Introduction: - Case Study of the Offender: (First) - Conducting a Physical Examination of the Offender: (Second) - Psychoanalytic Analysis of the Offender: (Third) - Study of the Offender’s Life History (Social Research): Third: The General Movement of Crime Introduction: (First) - Crime Statistics: (Second) - Social Research on the Offender’s Environment: Fourth: Scientific Schools for Explaining Criminal Behavior Introduction and Classification: First Branch: The Individual School in Explaining Criminal Behavior Classification: (First) - The Organic Theory (Lombroso’s Theory of Organic Deformity): (Second) - The Psychological Theory (Freud’s Theory): Second Branch: The Social School Classification: (First) - The Theory of Societal Disintegration (Sutherland’s Theory): (Second) - The Culture Clash Theory: (Third) - The Mixing Disparity Theory (Sutherland’s Theory of Deviant Mixing): - Deviant Mixing with Offenders (Sutherland’s Theory): (Fourth) - The Social Differences in the Capitalist System (Bonger’s Theory): Third Branch: The Integrative (Mixed) School Introduction and Classification: First - The Nervous System and External Conditions Theory (Bendi’s Theory): Second - The Criminal Predisposition and External Factors Theory (De Tullio’s Theory): Chapter Two: Internal and External Factors of Criminal Behavior Introduction and Classification: First Section: The Impact of Internal Individual Factors on Criminal Behavior Introduction and Classification: First Requirement: The Impact of Innate Internal Factors on Criminal Behavior. First Branch: The Impact of Personal Constitution on Criminal Behavior Introduction: (First) - The Effect of the Mental Constitution of the Offender (Intelligence Level) on Criminal Behavior: (Second) - The Effect of the Psychological Constitution of the Offender (Desires and Emotions) on Criminal Behavior: Second Branch: The Impact of Heredity on Criminal Behavior Introduction: (First) - Definition of Heredity: (Second) - The Extent of the Relationship Between Heredity and Crime: (Third) - Research Methods on the Effect of Heredity on Criminal Behavior: (A) - Study of the Descendants of a Criminal: (B) - Statistical Study of Certain Families: (C) - Study of Twins: Third Branch: The Impact of Lineage (Human Origin) on Criminal Behavior. (First) - Definition of Lineage: (Second) - The Extent of the Relationship Between Lineage and Crime: Fourth Branch: The Impact of Masculinity and Femininity on Criminal Behavior. Introduction: (First) - The Difference Between Male and Female Crime: (Second) - Scientific Explanation of This Difference: Fifth Branch: The Impact of Diseases on Criminal Behavior. (First) - Definition of Disease and Its Relation to Crime: (Second) - Types of Diseases Affecting Criminal Behavior: Second Requirement: The Impact of External or Acquired Internal Factors on Criminal Behavior Introduction and Classification: First Section: The Effect of Age Stages on Criminal Behavior Introduction and Classification: First Requirement: The Effect of Adolescence or Youth Stage on Crime: (Second) - The Effect of Young Adulthood (Maturity) on Crime: (Third) - The Effect of True Maturity on Crime: (Fourth) - The Effect of Old Age on Crime: Second Section: The Impact of Alcohol and Drug Addiction on Criminal Behavior (First) - The Relationship Between Alcohol or Drug Use and Crime: (Second) - The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Criminal Behavior: Third Section: The Impact of the Offender’s Civil Status on Crime (First) - Marital Status and Its Relation to Crime: (Second) - The Effect of Marital Status on Crime Rate: Second: The Impact of External Factors on Criminal Behavior (Criminal Environment) Introduction and Classification: First Requirement: The Effect of Natural Environmental Factors on Crime Introduction and Classification: First Branch: The Effect of Climate Variations on Crime (First) - The Reality of the Relationship Between Climate Variations and Crime: (Second) - Explanation of the Relationship Between Climate Variations and Crime: Second Branch: The Effect of Place Variations on Crime Introduction and Introduction: (First) - Quantitative Difference Between Urban and Rural Crime: (Second) - Qualitative Difference Between Urban and Rural Crime: Second Requirement: The Effect of Social Environmental Factors on Crime Introduction and Classification: First Branch: The Effect of Family Environment on Crime (First) - The Extent of the Relationship Between Family Environment and Crime: (Second) - The Impact of Family Conditions on Crime: Second Branch: The Effect of the Level of Education on Criminal Behavior (Education, Media, and Scientific Progress) Introduction: (First) - The Impact of Illiteracy and Education on Crime: (Second) - The Effect of Media on Crime: (Third) - The Impact of Scientific Progress on Crime: Introduction: (A) - The Effect of Car Usage on Crime Phenomena: (B) - The Effect of Internet Usage on Crime Phenomena: Third Branch: The Effect of Economic Fluctuations on Crime (First) - The Relationship Between Economic Fluctuations and Crime: (Second) - The Impact of Poverty and Unemployment on Crime: Chapter Three: Scientific Classification of Crimes and Criminals Introduction and Classification: First Research: Types of Crimes According to Criminologists Introduction: First Branch: Types of Crimes Based on Their Motive (First) - Violent Crimes: (Second) - Selfish Crimes: (Third) - Crimes of Self-Justice Establishment: Second Branch: Types of Crimes Based on Their Method of Commission Introduction: (First) - Instant Crimes: (Second) - Organized Crimes: (A) - Gang Crimes: (B) - Business Crimes: Third Branch: Types of Crimes Based on Their Intrinsic Characteristics Introduction: (First) - Crimes Against Persons (e.g., Murder): (Second) - Crimes Against Property: Second Research: Categories of Criminals According to Criminologists Introduction: First Branch: Classification of Criminals Based on the Manifestation of Crime (First) - Accidental Offender: (Second) - Emotional Offender: (Third) - Recidivist Offender: (Fourth) - Habitual Criminal: (Fifth) - Mentally Ill Offender: (Sixth) - Group Member Offender: Second: Classification of Criminals According to Psychological Motives Introduction: Introduction and Classification: First - The Motive of Pride: Second - The Motive of Wealth or Enrichment: Third - The Factor of Vice: Fourth - The Factor of Envy or Hatred: Fifth - The Motive of Intense Anger: Sixth - The Motive of Idleness: Conclusion of Part One Second Part: Principles of Penal Science (Science Pénitentiare) Classification: Chapter One: The Nature of Penal Science First Section: The Concept of Penal Science First Subsection: Definition of Penal Science Second Subsection: The Precision of Naming Penal Science Instead of Science of Penalties: Third Subsection: The Importance of Its Study and Its Autonomy: Second Section: Relationship of Penal Science with Other Sciences Introduction: First - Relationship of Penal Science with the Penal Code: Second - Relationship of Penal Science with the Code of Criminal Procedure: Third - Penal Science and Criminal Policy: Third Section: History of Penal Science Introduction: First - The Emergence of Penal Science: Second - The Development of Penal Science: (A) - Teachings of the Catholic Church: (B) - Spread of Principles of Freedom and Democracy: (C) - Progress in Human Sciences: (D) - Early Pioneers’ Interest in Enforcement Issues: Third - Research Methodology in Penal Science: Chapter Two: Penalties (Punishments and Preventive Measures) Introduction: First - Similarities Between Punishment and Preventive Measures: Second - Differences Between Punishment and Preventive Measures: (A) - Regarding the Presence of Fault: (B) - Regarding the Severity of the Crime: (C) - Regarding the Objective: First Research: Punishment Introduction and Overview: First Branch: The Concept and History of Punishment First: - The Concept of Punishment: Second: - The History of Punishment: Second Branch: Types of Punishments in Lebanese Law First: - Principal Penalties: (A) - Life-Substituting Penalties: (B) - Penalties Restricting Liberty: (1) - Hard Labor: (2) - Detention: (3) - Imprisonment Penalty: (C) - Financial Penalty (Fines in Misdemeanors and Violations): Second: - Subsidiary and Additional Penalties: (A) - Subsidiary Penalties: (1) - Civil Disqualification in Ordinary Crimes as a Subsidiary Penalty: (2) - Imposing Judgment in Crimes as a Subsidiary Penalty: (3) - Deprivation of Some Civil Rights During the Enforcement Period as a Subsidiary Penalty: (B) - Additional Penalties: (1) - Criminal Fine: (2) - Publication of Judgment: (3) - Confiscation: Third: Purposes of Punishment in Scientific Schools First: - The Traditional Old School: Second: - The Modern Traditional School: Third: - The Positivist School: Fourth: - The International Union of Penal Law: Fifth: - The Modern Social Defense Movement: (A) - The Emergence of This Movement: (1) - The Meaning of Social Defense According to Gramaticca: (2) - The Meaning of Modern Social Defense According to Mark Ensel: (B) - Evaluation of This Movement: Sixth - The Preference for Deterrence, Rehabilitation, and Re-education as Main Goals of Punishment: Fourth: Major Problems of Punishment First: - The Problem of Physical Death Penalty: Second: - The Problem of Multiple Detention Penalties: Third: - The Problem of Short-Term Imprisonment: Second Research: Preventive Measures Introduction and Classification: First - The Nature of Preventive Measures: First - Its Compliance with the Principle of Legality: Second - It Is Only Imposed After a Judicial Trial: Third - It Is Not of Fixed Duration: Fourth - It Is Only Applied to a Person Who Has Committed a Crime: Second - The History of Preventive Measures: Third - Conditions for Applying Preventive Measures: First - Committing a Crime: Second - Criminal Danger: (1) - It Consists of the Possibility of Committing a Crime: (2) - Its Evaluation Depends on Actual Conditions, Not Presumed: Branch Two: Types of Preventive Measures in Lebanese Law First - Measures Restricting Liberty: (1) - Detention in a Preventive Facility: (2) - Quarantine: (3) - Detention in a Workhouse: Second - Measures Restricting Liberty (Cont’d): (1) - Banning from Establishments Serving Alcohol: (2) - Banning Residency: (3) - Supervised Freedom: (4) - Care: (5) - Deportation: Third - Measures Restricting Rights: (1) - Disqualification from Guardianship or Custody: (2) - Prohibition from Practicing a Profession: (3) - Disarmament: Fourth - Material Preventive Measures: (1) - Confiscation: (2) - Surety Bond: (3) - Closure of the Establishment: (4) - Suspension or Dissolution of Legal Entity: Fifth - The Problem of Combining Preventive Measures and Punishment First: - Introduction to Deviant Offenders and the Issue: Second: - Penal Treatment of Deviant Offenders: Third: - The Lebanese Law Position on the Issue: Chapter Three: Penal Treatment in Prisons First Research: The Nature of Prisons First: - Definition of Prisons: Second: - History of Prisons in General: Third: - The History of Prisons in Lebanon: Second: Prison Systems First: - The Collective System for Prisoners: Second - The Solitary System for Prisoners: Third - The Mixed System Between Collective and Solitary: Fourth - The Progressive System from Severity to Leniency Based on Behavior: Fifth - The Lebanese Legal Perspective on Prison Systems: Fourth: Types of Prisons First: - Closed Prisons: Second - Semi-Open Prisons: Third - Open Prisons: Fourth - The Lebanese Law Perspective on Types of Prisons: Fourth Research: Treatment Methods Inside Prisons First: Classification of Convicts and Work Obligation First: - Classification of Convicts for Penal Differentiation: Second - Obligation to Work as a Penal Measure: Second: Education and Reform of Convicts First: - Education for Convicts: Second - Reform for Convicts: Third: Healthcare and Social Care for Convicts First: - Healthcare for Convicts: (A) - Disease Prevention: (1) - Conditions Related to Imprisonment: (2) - Offender’s Hygiene and Clothing: (3) - Food: (4) - Sports Activities: (B) - Medical Treatment for Prisoners: Second - Social Care for Convicts: (A) - Studying Offender’s Problems: (B) - Organizing Leisure Time: (C) - Ensuring Contact with the Outside World: (1) - Visits: (2) - Correspondence: Third: Release of the Convict First: Release Before the Start of Penalty Implementation (First) - Complete Suspension of Penalty Enforcement: (Second) - Conditional Release: (Third) - Electronic Monitoring Outside Prison: Second - Release After Penalty Has Started (First) - Parole (Conditional Release): (A) - Definition and Justifications: (B) - Origin of Parole and Lebanese Law Position: (C) - Conditions for Granting Parole: (D) - Exceptions to Parole: (E) - Legal Status of the Released Person: (F) - End of Parole (1) - Completion of Remaining Term Successfully: (2) - Cancellation Due to Non-Compliance with Obligations: Second - Bail (Release on Honor and Integrity): (First) - Definition and Justifications: Fourth: Post-Implementation Social Care for Released Offenders First: Meaning of Post-Release Social Care (First) - The Nature of Post-Release Care for the Convicted: (Second) - Goals of Post-Release Care: Second: Forms of Post-Release Care First - Providing the Released Person with Elements to Rebuild Their Social Status: (First) - Removing Obstacles Facing the Released Person: Third: Bodies Responsible for Post-Release Care Conclusion of Part Two Part Three: Principles of Criminal Policy (Politique criminelle) Chapter One: The Concept of Criminal Policy Introduction: First Research: Definition of Criminal Policy First Subsection: The Meaning of Criminal Policy Second Subsection: Forms of Criminal Policy (First) - Policy Directed at the Legislator: (Second) - Policy Directed at the Judiciary: (Third) - Policy Directed at the Enforcement Authority: Third Subsection: Independence of Criminal Policy (First) - The Scientific Character of Criminal Policy: (Second) - Autonomy of the Science of Criminal Policy: Fourth Subsection: Characteristics of Criminal Policy (First) - It Is Relative: (Second) - It Is Political: (Third) - It Is Evolving: (Fourth) - It Adopts the Scientific Experimental Method: Fifth Subsection: General Foundations of Criminal Policy (First) - The Scientific Basis of Criminal Policy: (Second) - The Social Basis of Criminal Policy: (Third) - The Moral Basis of Criminal Policy: Chapter Two: Scientific Schools of Criminal Policy First Research: The Criminal Policy of the Traditional and Modern Schools Introduction: First Branch: The Policy of the Traditional First School (First) - Emergence of This School: (Second) - Foundations of the Traditional First School’s Criminal Policy: (A) - The Social Foundation: (B) - The Scientific Foundation of the Traditional First School: (C) - The Moral Foundation of the Traditional First School: (Third) - Content of the Traditional First School’s Criminal Policy: Second Branch: The Policy of the Modern Traditional School (Second) (First) - Emergence of This School: (Second) - Foundations of the Modern Traditional School’s Criminal Policy: (Third) - Content of the Modern Traditional School’s Criminal Policy: Second Research: The Policy of the Positivist and Probabilist Schools Introduction: First Branch: The Policy of the Positivist School (First) - Emergence of This School: (Second) - Foundations of the Positivist School’s Criminal Policy: (Third) - Content of the Positivist School’s Criminal Policy: Second Branch: The Policy of the Probabilist School (First) - Emergence of This School: (Second) - Foundations of the Probabilist School’s Criminal Policy: (Third) - Content of the Probabilist School’s Criminal Policy: Third Research: The Policy of the Modern Social Defense Movement First Branch: The Radical Social Defense Policy (First) - Emergence of This Policy: (Second) - Foundations of Gramaticca’s Social Defense Policy: (Third) - Content of Gramaticca’s Social Defense Policy: (Fourth) - Evaluation of Gramaticca’s Social Defense Policy: Second Branch: The Moderate Social Defense Policy of Mark Ensel (First) - Emergence of This Policy: (Second) - Foundations of Ensel’s Social Defense Policy: (Third) - Content of Ensel’s Social Defense Policy: (A) - Critique of the Legal Concept of Penal Law: (B) - The Core of Social Defense and Its Implementation: (Fourth) - Evaluation of Mark Ensel’s Social Defense Policy: Third: The Program of the International Society for Social Defense (First) - The Origin of the International Society for Social Defense: (Second) - The Core of Its Minimum Program: (A) - Basic Principles of the Program: (B) - Principles of Criminal Law: (C) - Foundations of Criminal Law Theory: (D) - Methods of Developing Criminal Law: (Third) - Evaluation of the Minimum Program: Fourth: The New Traditional Criminal Policy (Reconciling the Defense Movement and Traditional School) (First) - Its Emergence: (Second) - The Social Foundation: (Third) - Content of the New Traditional School’s Criminal Policy: (A) - In the Penalty Determination Stage: (B) - During Penalty Enforcement Stage: Fifth - Evaluation of the New Traditional School’s Criminal Policy: Fifth Branch: The Lebanese Legislation’s Position on Criminal Policy Schools Chapter Three: The Appropriate Criminal Policy for the Arab World First Research: Foundations and Features of Suitable Arab Criminal Policy Introduction: First Section: Foundations of Suitable Arab Criminal Policy (First) - The Social Foundation: (Second) - The Scientific Foundation: (Third) - The Moral Foundation: Second Section: Content of Suitable Arab Criminal Policy (First) - Regarding Crime Prevention: (Second) - Regarding Crime Suppression: Third Research: Forms of Suitable Arab Criminal Policy (First) - Policy During the Drafting of Legislation: (Second) - Policy During Judicial Application: (Third) - Policy During Penalty Enforcement: Conclusion of the Third Part