The special tests in bone and joint examination for Jeff Conan, translated by Abdulaziz bin Suleiman Al-Ahidab

The use of special tests, in any evaluation process in orthopedic surgery, helps to obtain very important information that leads to proving, denying, and monitoring any specific diagnostic condition. Therefore, it is no wonder that in an era of diagnostic imaging and advanced technical innovations, clinicians often resort to basic manual test skills to gain a sense of comfort during the examination process. And special tests constitute only part of the evaluation process, which also strongly relies on knowledge of the medical history and symptoms, among many other components.