Rulings of swearing by Allah, the Almighty

Research and preparation by Khaled Ali Muhammad Al-Mashiqh Introduction All praise be to Allah, I praise Him, seek His help, and ask for His forgiveness. I seek refuge in Allah from the evil of ourselves and the wickedness of our deeds. Whoever Allah guides, there is none to misguide him; and whoever He misguides, there is none to guide him. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O you who have believed, fear Allah as He should be feared, and do not die except as Muslims. O people, fear your Lord who created you from a single soul and created from it its mate, and spread from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Surely, Allah is ever Watchful over you. And O you who have believed, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate conduct. He will amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great victory. After that: Indeed, humans by nature and what they are created upon love to emphasize what they declare and to strengthen their resolve regarding what they want or abstain from doing. They resort to swearing by Allah Almighty to confirm the truth of their statement and what they have resolved to do or leave. For this reason, oaths by Allah Almighty are frequent in many people's speech and are associated with their actions and behaviors. The call to write about the rulings of swearing by Allah: 1. The previous mention of the frequent oaths by Allah Almighty in many people's speech, and their association with their actions, whether in doing or leaving. 2. That swearing by Allah Almighty or by one of His attributes is an act of worship, and therefore swearing by others besides Allah is shirk, as will be explained. This is a characteristic, and what supports this is that swearing is an act of glorification of the sworn oath, and this is a heart action. Many people confuse the categories of swearing by Allah Almighty, what expiation (kafara) is required for them, and what is not, as well as their obligations regarding the types of expiation. Thus, there was a need to clarify the rulings of swearing by Allah Almighty, including what expiation covers and what is related to it from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the speech of the scholars of Islam. 4. I have not come across a comprehensive independent authoring on the rulings of swearing by Allah Almighty, and what has been written in this regard does not suffice.