The jurisprudential differences in medical emergencies

Collection and preparation by Ali Qasim Daraj. Fiqh differences in medical emergencies. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. All praise be to Allah, we praise Him, seek His help, ask for His forgiveness, and seek His guidance. We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of ourselves and from the evil of our deeds. Whomever Allah guides, none can misguide him, and whomever He misguides, none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O you who believe, fear Allah as He should be feared, and do not die except as Muslims. [Al-Imran: 102]. O people, fear your Lord who created you from one soul and created from it its mate, and spread from both many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever Watchful over you. [An-Nisa: 1]. O you who believe, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate conduct. He will amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great victory. [Al-Ahzab: 70-71]. As for what follows: One of the most noble acts of worship for a Muslim to draw closer to his Lord is seeking knowledge and engaging in it. Among the signs that Allah intends good for His servant is that He guides him to understand his religion. From Muawiyah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: I heard the Prophet, peace be upon him, say: “Whoever Allah intends good for him, He grants him understanding of the religion.” Among the sciences that are sought is the knowledge that distinguishes between the ambiguous, and upon which scholars rely to differentiate rulings. It is also used in many issues and cases, and involves studying the fiqh differences between matters and the points of disagreement. Since contemporary councils and scientific bodies play a prominent role and contribute greatly to the knowledge of modern emergencies, I decided to write on the topic of fiqh differences in medical emergencies through the decisions issued by these councils and scientific bodies, collecting and studying them to clarify the vastness of Shariah, its comprehensiveness, and its precision in rulings, and to showcase the efforts of contemporary jurists and their exertions in applying Islamic rulings and principles to modern cases. I ask Allah, the Almighty, to make this beneficial knowledge, from which I benefit in my life, and a treasure for me after my death. 1- The importance of knowing fiqh differences and paying attention to them, because they help distinguish between ambiguities and understand the points of disagreement. 2- Studying these differences reveals the efforts of contemporary jurists and the role of collective ijtihad in addressing modern developments, as well as clarifying the various rulings on issues and cases under study. 3- Highlighting the role of councils and scientific bodies and their efforts in studying modern emergencies in general. 4- Demonstrating the virtues of Shariah and its consideration of rulings and issues, including its comprehensiveness and precision. 5- Studying fiqh differences in modern emergencies benefits researchers in developing fiqh skills and accurately understanding various issues, making them more capable of identifying the sources and reasons for rulings. Reasons for choosing the topic: The reasons for my choice of this topic are as follows: 1- It connects modern medical emergencies with the efforts of scholars through collective ijtihad in scientific councils. 2- The decisions of councils and scientific bodies contain fiqh differences that few notice, so researching and studying them is beneficial for students of knowledge. 3- Many issues of fiqh differences in medical emergencies are increasingly disputed, and it is important for every researcher to examine them and know the preferred opinion. 4- The novelty of this topic, as no independent work has been written on it in this manner according to my knowledge, and thus I see a need in the fiqh library for such a specialized study. 5- Due to the nature of my medical work, understanding these medical emergencies, knowing their reality, circumstances, and surrounding factors is easier, which helps in studying their issues and clarifying discussions about them.