The signatories of the Lord of the Worlds 7/1

Authorship: Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya Verification: Abu Ubaidah Mashhoor bin Hassan al-Salman Book Index First Volume: ======= Introduction: The Need Prayer 5 Features of this edition 5 Attribution of the book to its author 5 Name spelling 7 Size 12 Subject and discussions 13 Preface 13 Refutation of blame, and a brief explanation of a general matter 15 Useful chapters and comprehensive principles in analogy 15 Attention of the author to the book of Omar in judgment 18 Is the book "Al-A'lam" an explanation of Omar's book in judgment? 20 Discussions of the book "Al-A'lam" for the purpose of mentioning the author’s book in judgment 21 Discussions (Fatawa) in the book 23 Opinions and their types 23 Foundations of Imam Ahmad 24 Book of Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, in judgment 24 Return to discussions (Analogy) in the book 27 A hint in rejecting the idea that our book is only a commentary on Omar’s book in judgment 34 Prohibition of issuing fatwa without knowledge 34 Detailing the statement on imitation 35 Necessity of applying texts 37 Addition to the text 38 Custom and its validity 40 Changing fatwa according to times, places, conditions, intentions, and customs 41 Objectives and beliefs are considered in transactions as they are in worship 54 Deceptions 55 Blocking the means and employing it to prevent deceptions 57 Disputes and issues of ijtihad 62 The validity of the saying of the Sahabi 67 Benefits related to fatwa 68 Fatawa of the Prophet, peace be upon him 70 Beautiful matters that are essential 73 Efforts of scholars and researchers in introducing the subject of the book 75 Sources of the author and references in this book 84 Preface 84 Books of al-Bayhaqi 85 Books of al-Shafi'i 86 Books of the Shafi'is 89 Books of the Hanafi 92 Books of the Maliki 95 Books of Imam Malik 95 Explanations of "Al-Muwatta" 96 Other books of Ibn Abdul-Barr 96 Other Maliki jurisprudence books 96 Books of Imam Ahmad and Hanbalis 99 Books of Imam Ahmad and issues of his companions 99 The author’s knowledge of the Hanbali school and his admiration for it 105 Book "Al-Jami' al-Kabir" by al-Khullasi 106 Books of Judge Abi Ya'la al-Farra 106 Books of Ibn al-Qadi Abi Ya'la 108 Books of Abi al-Khattab al-Kiluzani 108 Other Hanbali books 109 Other jurisprudence books 112 Fatawa of some predecessors 112 Books of Ibn al-Mundhir 113 Other books 113 Books of Ibn Hazm 113 Books of Imam Abi Ubaid al-Qasim ibn Salam 116 Books of fatwa 117 Books of Usul al-Fiqh 119 Books of deceptions 120 Books of Tafsir 121 Books of language, unfamiliar words, literature, and history 122 Books of monotheism and beliefs 123 Sources of the author in hadith 124 Manuscripts and versions of hadith 124 Collections of well-known Sunnah 126 Al-Sihah and their explanations and supplements 126 Al-Sunan 130 Musnad and dictionaries 135 Books of Hadith of rulings and their explanations 137 Books of 'Ilal (weakness) 138 Books of musnad (organized collections) focusing on hadith and the آثار of the Salaf 139 Books of biographies, narrators, Jarrh and Ta'dil 141 Oral sources and their equivalents 142 Between the author and his Shaykh Ibn Taymiyyah 145 Methodology of Ibn al-Qayyim in his book 162 First Axis: Evidence and deduction 162 Obligation to mention the proof and verify its authenticity 162 Arrangement of evidence 165 The meaning of the Book of Allah according to Ibn al-Qayyim 165 The status of the Quran and Sunnah in deduction 165 Necessity of relying on the Sunnah 167 Relying on authentic hadith from the Sunnah over weak ones 168 Hadith criticism on the author 169 Prioritizing transmitted evidence over others 171 Reasoning with rational and correct analogy 174 Work of the people of Medina 175 Categories of action according to Ibn al-Qayyim 175 Istislah (consideration of public interest) 179 A word on the validity of analogy 179 Deduction and clarification of the faces of evidence 180 His concern for the virtues and حكم الشريعة 186 Ibn al-Qayyim and the objectives of الشريعة 192 Second Axis: Detailing, foundational principles, analysis, comprehensive understanding, patience, and harmony 195 Gathering evidence 195 Lengthening the soul and examples of it 196 The secret of his comprehensive understanding and patience 196 Analysis and foundational principles 198 His concern for jurisprudential rules (t) 199 Brotherhood of principles with jurisprudence 201 Detailing in issues 201 Existence of discussions with Ibn al-Qayyim in a way not found elsewhere 203 Third Axis: Fairness, trustworthiness, appreciation, objectivity, and preference 204 Transmitting schools of thought from their owners 204 Importance of citing from sources and not relying solely on memory (t) 204 Allowing discussion of opinions 205 Ambiguity of the false claimant and a strong word from al-Nawawi about that (t) 205 The goal is to reveal the truth 205 Fairness and justice 205 Appreciation of scholars 207 Clearing them of accusations and examples of that 207 Boldness in confronting claimants 210 Preferences of Ibn al-Qayyim and their characteristics 212 Fourth Axis: Method in presentation and style in research 213 His literary style 214 Good arrangement, coherence of ideas, and logical sequence 215 Repetition 217 Digression 218 Concern for the emotional aspect and awakening faith feelings 220 Between humility and pride 223 Efforts exerted in this book 225 Importance and benefit of the book 227 Impact of the book on subsequent writings and studies 229 Impact of our book on "Al-Insaf" by al-Mardawi (d. 885 AH) 229 Impact of our book on "Tashih al-Furoo'" also by al-Mardawi 240 Impact of our book on "Kashf al-Qina'" by al-Buhturi (d. 1051 AH) 240 Impact of our book on other books of the Hanbalis (t) 242 Impact of our book on books of usul (principles) 243 Impact of our book on books of hadith explanations 243 Impact of our book on contemporary books 244 The foundational sources in this publication 246 First copy (K) 246 Brief introduction 246 Translation of its copyist, a scholar (Sheikh Suleiman bin Sihman) 247 Second copy (T) 248 Brief introduction 248 Third copy (N) 249 Verified benefits on it 250 Summary of the discussions of the book about Imam Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 251 Quotes from other books of Ibn al-Qayyim 252 Fourth copy (Q) 254 Brief introduction 254 List of other handwritten copies of the book found by the researcher (T) 256 Most famous editions of the book and their evaluation 276 Edition of Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abdul Hamid (D) 276 Brief introduction 276 Edition of Abdulrahman al-Wakil (W) 278 Its features 278 His work on it 279 Prefaced by Sheikh Abdulwahab Abdul Latif 280 Prefaced by Sheikh al-Faqih Sayyid Sabiq 281 Edition of Taha Abdul Rauf Saad (T) 287 Brief introduction 287 Edition of Dar al-Hadith (H) 288 Brief introduction 288 Edition of Dar al-Jil 288 Brief introduction 288 Evaluation of the editions encountered and my work in this publication and its motivation 289 My benefit from previous editions 292 Errors in Dar al-Jil edition (T) 292 My notes on the hadith references in the aforementioned editions 293 Our approach in referencing hadith and آثار in this publication 307 Conclusion 308 Second Volume: ======== Book's Introduction 5 The noblest sciences and their sources 7 Two types of transmission from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him 8 What the companions knew and practiced 8 The Imams and Tabi‘un stood with proof and argument 9 The true scholar is not the fanatic 10 Scholars are heirs of the prophets 11 The fitna of fanaticism and fanatics 12 The nation’s scholars are divided into two types 13 Islamic jurists and their status 14 Who are the Auliya’ (those in authority)? 14 Obedience to rulers is subordinate to obedience to scholars 16 Conditions for those who issue fatwa on behalf of Allah and His Messenger 16 The first to issue fatwa on behalf of Allah was the Messenger, peace be upon him 17 The companions, may Allah be pleased with them, who issued fatwa after him 17 The most prolific in issuing fatwa among the companions 18 The moderate among the fatwa issuers 18 The few among the fatwa issuers 19 The companions are the masters of scholars and those who issue fatwa 22 The greatest among the companions in knowledge 23 The virtue of Ibn Abbas 31 The scholarly status of Omar ibn al-Khattab 36 The scholarly status of Uthman ibn Affan 37 The scholarly status of Ali ibn Abi Talib 37 Who spread religion and jurisprudence 38 Those who took from Aisha 39 Those who became fatwa-issuers among the Tabi‘un 40 Jurists of the Mawali (clients) 41 Jurists of Medina 41 Jurists of Mecca and their fatwa 42 Jurists of Basra 43 Jurists of Kufa 44 Jurists of Sham (Levant) 46 Jurists of Egypt 47 Jurists of Qayrawan 48 Jurists of Andalusia 48 Jurists of Yemen 48 Jurists of Baghdad 48 Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal 49 Foundations of Ahmad ibn Hanbal’s fatwas 50 The primary basis of Ahmad: the text 50 What Imam Ahmad rejected from claims of consensus 53 Second basis for Ahmad: fatwas of the companions 54 Third: choosing from the fatwas of the companions if they differed 55 Fourth: accepting mursal (missing chain) and weak hadith 55 Prioritizing weak hadith over analogy by Abu Hanifa 56 Prioritizing weak hadith over analogy by al-Shafi‘i 58 Prioritizing Malki’s mursal, disconnected, and transmitted reports 59 Fifth basis at Ahmad: necessity-based analogy 59 Dislike of the Salaf for rushing into fatwa 62 Fatwa of three divorces 63 Return to the dislike of the Salaf for issuing fatwa 63 Boldness in issuing fatwa 64 Who is qualified to issue fatwa 65 The meaning of the abrogating (nāsikh) and abrogated (mansūkh) in the tradition of the Salaf and Khalaf 66 Return to the dislike of the Imams for fatwa 66 The danger of judiciary appointment 67 The threat of issuing fatwa 72 Prohibitions in four levels and the most severe is speaking about Allah without knowledge 73 Prohibition of saying: this is the حكم of Allah 74 The term "dislike" is used for what is forbidden, its evidence, and the mistake of later scholars in this and its cause 75 The term "makruh" (disliked) applied to what is forbidden by the Hanafi school 78 The ruling of the makruh according to Malikis 79 Shafi‘i’s opinion on playing chess and its prohibition 79 The ruling on a man marrying his daughter from fornication according to Shafi‘i 80 Use of the term "dislike" by the Salaf and Khalaf 81 The continuous improper use of the term in forbidden matters 82 What the mufti says in his ijtihad 82 In the speech of the Imams regarding tools of fatwa and their conditions 83 Tools of fatwa 83 Is issuing fatwa by imitation permissible? 86 Condition of fatwa according to al-Shafi‘i 87 In prohibiting issuing fatwa in the religion of Allah based on opinion that contradicts texts 88 The ruling on scholars’ concessions 91 The companions did not differ on issues of attributes, names, and actions 91 Disputes over some rulings do not negate faith 91 The command to reject (radd) evidence indicates that the Quran and Sunnah contain the حكم of everything 92 Returning to Allah and His Messenger is a pillar of faith 92 Those who judge by the Taghut (false gods) 92 The meaning of precedence before Allah and His Messenger 94 Knowledge diminishes with the death of scholars 95 The threat of speaking based on opinion 97 What is narrated about the friend of the nation and the most knowledgeable in denying opinion 99 From what is narrated about Omar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him 101 Sayings of Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud in condemning opinion 105 Sayings of Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 107 Sayings of Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 108 Sayings of Abdullah ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 108 Sayings of Sahl ibn Hunaif, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 110 Sayings of Abdullah ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 110 Sayings of Zaid ibn Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 111 Sayings of Mu‘adh ibn Jabal, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 111 Sayings of Abu Musa al-Ash‘ari in condemning opinion 112 Sayings of Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with him, in condemning opinion 113 Removing opinion from knowledge 113 Interpreting what is narrated from the companions about taking opinion 114 Method of Abu Bakr and Omar in judging what is presented to them 115 Method of Ibn Mas‘ud 116 From the analogy of the companions 117 Situation of Ibn Mas‘ud 118 Situation of Ibn Abbas 119 Situation of Abu ibn Khabab 119 A collection of those who took from the companions based on opinion 119 Meaning of opinion 124 Opinion has three types 125 False opinion and its types 125 Opinion that involves negating divine names and attributes 126 The emergence of corruption from prioritizing opinion and desires over revelation 127 The fourth type of opinion 127 The fifth type of opinion 127 Cursing those who ask about what was not there 128 Questioning the companions about what benefits 133 Things forbidden to ask about 134 Clarification of the meaning of the verse prohibiting questions 135 Sayings of the Tabi‘un in condemning opinion 137 The ones who opposed the issue 143 Words of the imams of jurisprudence on opinion 144 Abu Hanifa prioritizes weak hadith over opinion and analogy 145 What is meant by weak hadith among the Salaf 146 All Salaf condemned opinion 146 In commendable opinion, which has types 149 Shafi‘i’s statement about the companions and their opinions 150 No one is like the companions, and what Umar agreed with in the Quran 151 The judgment of Sa‘d ibn Mua‘dh and Ibn Mas‘ud by Allah’s judgment 152 The opinion of the companions is better than our opinion 153 Second type of commendable opinion 153 Third type of commendable opinion 155 Fourth type of commendable opinion 157 Umar’s letter to Abu Musa 158 Explanation of Omar’s book in judgment 163 Understanding the correctness of knowledge is a blessing 164 Mastering two types of understanding 165 The obligation of the ruler 168 In restricting one of the two disputants, both are corrupt 168 The meaning of evidence 168 Mistake of later scholars in interpreting evidence 169 The minimum of testimony in the Quran 172 The necessity of knowing this great principle 179 Related to the testimony of adultery and others 180 Ruling on the testimony of a slave 181 Regarding the testimony of oath 183 Using the statement of ‘Amr ibn Shuaib as evidence 184 Judging with the testimony of one witness if his truthfulness appears 186 Oaths are legislated from the stronger of the two litigants 187 Judgment does not depend on the testimony of two men at all 190 The Prophet did not report the news of justice 192 The aspect of burden of proof is different from the aspect of affirmation 193 The judge judges with the evidence that favors the truth 195 Attributes of the judge and conditions 195 The appointment of the most suitable for the Muslims 196 The interpretation of the Messenger’s (peace be upon him) benefit over those better than him 196 Reconciliation among Muslims 199 Rights are two: the rights of Allah and the rights of His servants 202 Reconciliation is either revocable or valid and enforceable 204 The judge delays judgment according to need 206 Judgment may change with different ijtihad 206 Who can be rejected in his testimony 207 Testimony of a close relative against his kin 208 Testimony of parents for children and vice versa and their evidence 208 Authenticating the hadith "You and your wealth are your father’s" 209 Responding to those who prevent the testimony of parents for children and vice versa 219 Testimony of a person of hidden condition 245 Punishment and evidence 246 Oaths in the book of Omar 247 Discussion on analogy 247 Indication of the Quran to analogy 248 Basis of reasoning 248 Reasoning by specifying one on another 249 First: naming analogy as Allah named it 251 Examples of invalid analogy pointed out by the Quran 251 Types of analogy 251 Morality (Khalāq) 254 The root of all evil: innovation and following desires 255 In the verse, the four pillars of analogy 256 Return to examples of analogy in the Quran, analogy of indication 257 Analogy of indication 257 The verses contain ten proofs 260 In the two verses, evidence for five demands 264 The Quran does not repeat reasoning by removing plants from the ground to remove the dead 264 Remembrance 264 Calling humans to reflection 264 The crucifix, the ribs, and the sperm 265 Return to the call for reflection 266 Analogy of similarity and examples 268 The parables in the Quran and their wisdom 270 The heretics and innovators’ falsehoods 272 The water and fire parables concerning the believers 273 The example of worldly life 274 The example of believers and disbelievers 275 The example of those who took allies besides Allah 275 Whoever takes allies other than Allah has associated (shirk) 276 The analogy of the actions of disbelievers with the mirage 276 Those who turn away from the truth are two types 277 Actions that are for others besides Allah and not according to His command 277 The owners of the accumulated darkness (metaphor for ignorance) 278 Owners of the like of mirage and darkness 279 The disbelievers compared to cattle 281 An example from yourselves 281 The analogy of the opposite, the servant 283 The example of Allah’s self-application 284 My Lord is on a straight path 285 In the similitude of those who turn away from Allah’s speech and reflection 287 The example of the one who carried the book but did not act upon it 288 The example of those who forsook Allah’s signs 289 A wonderful secret in likening those who prefer worldly life to a dog 290 His giving of signs and forsaking 292 We raised him with it 292 He is buried in the earth 293 Following his desires 294 Interpretation of the reasoning in the verse 295 The example of analogy (like backbiting) 296 The example of the falsehood of the disbelievers 297 Types of actions 298 In the similitude of rejected actions, a wonderful secret 298 The example of the good word 298 The concept of the good word, the established origin, and the branch in the sky 299 The effect of monotheism on human worship, conduct, and character 299 The effect of the word of monotheism 300 The good tree 300 Who is meant by the example? And the secrets of the example 301 Some secrets of comparing the believer to a tree 301 The example of the disbeliever: like a foul word 304 Allah establishes those who believe with the firm word, and its secrets 306 Question about the grave and its reassurance 307 The example of the idolator 311 The power of those whom the idolators call upon besides Allah 312 The example of imitators and followers 313 The example of those who spend in the way of Allah 315 The example of those who spend their wealth for other than Allah 316 The flaw of spending: showing off, riya’, and harm that nullifies actions 317 Whoever spends his wealth in disobedience to Allah and seeking His pleasure 318 The example of the monotheist idolater 319 The example for disbelievers and two for believers 320 The example of the disbeliever 320 The example of the believers 321 In these examples, wonderful secrets 322 The secret of making parables 323 The origin of the term "vision" 323 Dreams and their interpretations 324 Fundamentals of interpretation 326 Examples of the Quran, principles, and rules of interpretation 327 About visions and their interpretation 329 The value of the parable in the Quran 329 Equalizing the similar in rulings 330 Allah does not legislate tricks that permit the wajib (obligatory) and eliminate the haram (forbidden) 330 Innate rulings in the soul 330 Reward is proportional to work 330 The origin of Shariah: matching the similar with the similar, and the Quran explains the حكم 333 The letters used in the reasoning in the Quran 333 What is narrated in the Sunnah regarding reasoning of حكم 335 The Prophet, peace be upon him, learned that from the Quran 337 Return to the hadith 337 Bukhari’s mention of the dispute over analogy 342 Sometimes the reason suffices without mentioning the original 343 Hadith of Mu‘adh when the Messenger sent him to Yemen 344 Verifying the authenticity of the hadith 344 The companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to exert effort and make analogies 354 The ijtihad of the companions by analogy 359 Consensus of the jurists on issues of analogy 359 Refutation of those denying analogy 361 Examples of the companions’ analogy 369 Analogy of the companions in the limit of drinking and slander 373 Analogy of the companions in conflict with brothers 375 Between Ibn Abbas and the Khawarij 378 Their disagreement over the woman who is free to choose 381 The companions opened the door for analogy and ijtihad 383 The practice of analogy is rooted in human nature 384 The importance of the speaker’s intention, not his words 385 How to understand the speaker’s intent 387 Errors of those who use words and meanings 387 Some mistakes made by those of words and meanings 387 The Muqallid (imitator) and the Zahiri (literalist) are excessive 392 Obligation to give the right of words and meanings 397 Sayings of those who deny analogy 400 Among the examples Allah and His Messenger used 404 The benefit of using parables 425 Difference between the parables made by Allah and His Messenger and analogy 425 Authenticating the hadith of the fetus’s slaughtering of its mother 441 The Prophet, peace be upon him, did not command analogy, but forbade it 456 The companions also forbade analogy 460 The Tabi‘un explicitly condemned analogy 466 Analogy contradicts itself 474 Disagreement is destructive 476 No one analogy is more valid than another 479 Analogy was not a proof during the time of the Messenger, peace be upon him 481 Subjects and contents 488