Olive saplings, Spanish, height approximately 30-50 cm

Scientific name: Olea europaea ‘Arbequina’ 🌳 Common name: Arbequina Olive 🌍 Origin of the variety: Spain – Catalonia region, considered one of the most famous Spanish varieties spread worldwide, especially in intensive farming projects.🪴 Type and use: Fruitful evergreen olive tree, medium-sized, cultivated for high-quality oil with a smooth and fruity taste, also used for decoration due to its dense shape and small beautiful leaves. Suitable for home cultivation and commercial farms.☀️ Environment and light: Prefers fully sunny locations. Tolerates light partial shade with a decrease in production.🌡️ Temperature: Good resistance to drought and heat. Tolerates cold down to about -7°C at full growth. Suitable for moderate and hot climates.🌱 Soil: Grows in most soil types as long as they are well-drained. Prefers loamy sandy soil with low to medium salinity, and a neutral or slightly alkaline pH.💧 Irrigation: Regular in the first year to establish roots. Afterwards, irrigate deeply and intermittently to stimulate oil production. Avoid over-saturation to prevent root diseases.🌿 Fertilization: Organic winter fertilization once a year. Light to moderate nitrogen fertilization in spring and early summer. Microelements (such as iron and zinc) can be added as needed to improve growth and yield.🌸 Flowering: Blooms in spring (March–April). Its small, fragrant white flowers bloom abundantly.🫒 Fruit and production: Begins bearing fruit within 2–3 years of planting. The small, oval-shaped fruits turn from green to dark purple when ripe. Oil content is high (about 17–20%), with a smooth fruity taste, making it one of the best varieties for extra virgin olive oil production. Its yield is stable annually and not greatly affected by alternate bearing.✂️ Pruning: Light annual pruning to remove tangled and infected branches and improve ventilation and light. Usually done after harvest season in late winter.🌱 Propagation: Easily propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings in spring or late summer. Also propagated by grafting or using certified seedlings.🐛 Pests and common diseases: Olive fruit fly: attacks the fruits and is controlled with traps or preventive spraying. Fungal and root diseases: result from over-irrigation and poor drainage. Scale insects and pests: treated with summer oil spray or agricultural soap.📏 Planting distances: Type of planting: Traditional planting: 5 × 5 m or 6 × 6 m, suitable for home orchards and traditional farms. Intensive planting: approximately 3 × 1.5 m, suitable for mechanical cultivation and automated harvesting lines, allowing a large number of trees per hectare with early and abundant production.