Intrauterine device insertion

Professor Dr. Iman Yahya - Women's and Obstetrics Specialist, Infertility, and Female Beauty Expert, 38 years of experience. The intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-term method placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Its composition varies depending on the type, and there are two main types: 1) Copper IUD Structure: a small flexible frame in the shape of the letter T made of plastic. Wrapped with a copper wire around the vertical arm. Two thin threads hang through the cervix for easy removal. Mechanism of action: Copper causes a reaction inside the uterus that makes the environment unsuitable for sperm. Reduces sperm movement and prevents fertilization of the egg. May prevent implantation of the egg if fertilization occurs. Duration: can last up to 10 years (depending on the type). 2) Hormonal IUD Structure: a plastic frame in the shape of the letter T. Contains a small reservoir that slowly releases levonorgestrel (a type of progesterone). Two removal threads. Mechanism of action: Thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Thins the uterine lining. Sometimes prevents ovulation (in some cases). Duration: from 3 to 8 years depending on the manufacturer. Important notes: It does not cause infertility after removal. It does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Side effects may vary between the two types (copper may increase menstrual bleeding, and hormonal may reduce or stop it).