The complete of the splendid gift in the states of the four heirs

The science of inheritance: It is the jurisprudence related to inheritance, knowing the calculation that leads to knowing that, and knowing the amount of the obligation from the estate for each right-holder. Its subject: the estates in terms of their division and clarifying each heir’s share. Its author: Allah, the Most High, who has explained the types of inheritance, most of those who inherit by each type, and the amount of each of their shares. Its ruling: working with the rules of inheritance is obligatory upon those who inherit, and learning it is an individual obligation for those who clarify the inheritance, and a collective obligation for others. Its issues: what is mentioned in each chapter of the details of inheritance, such as saying: the heirs are divided into: a section that inherits by فرض (obligation), and by عصبة (agnate kin), like the father; a section that inherits by فرض, like the husband and the brother from the mother; and a section that inherits by عصبة, like the son. Its virtue: immense, as it is said to be half of knowledge, and Allah, the Almighty, has personally determined it, and the Prophet encouraged learning and teaching it, as did his companions. The early scholars paid attention to it and occupied their time in learning and teaching it. Its relation to other sciences: it is among the Islamic sciences and part of the science of jurisprudence. Its purpose: delivering rights to their rightful heirs from the estate. Its benefit: being able to determine the shares for their rightful owners. Its sources: the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the consensus of the companions, and their efforts and reasoning. Its name: the science of inheritance, a name given to it by dominance because most inheritance is by فرض, while inheritance by عصبة is less; it is also called the science of al-mirath (inheritance), which is a general term. Inheritance: it is a right that can be divided, established for the eligible person after the death of the one who had it, due to kinship or similar relations, such as marriage and loyalty.