Philosophy problems Dar Al-Takween

Author's name: Bertrand Russell Publishing house: Al-Takween for Publishing and Distribution Year of publication: 2020 Literary classification: Philosophy and Thought Brief about the book: Bertrand Russell is not just a philosopher, but also a historian of philosophy, and he has written several famous books in this field. He is also a witness to the era, as his long life, which approached a century (1872–1970), was filled with significant events, and he was an active participant as a prominent social activist. He opposed World War I and supported World War II, and he wrote on philosophy, logic, mathematics, love, marriage, education, and political systems, participating in all intellectual and social fields. He was a popular thinker who ignited the enthusiasm of the masses and was known to the common man, not one of those academics whose lives oscillate between university and home. Russell received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 and afterward remained a fighter for freedom and a peace advocate through a private foundation he established for this purpose. One of the most important actions of this foundation was condemning the Vietnam War and demanding the trial of its criminals. Among his last political activities was a message he sent two days before his death to the World Parliamentary Conference held in Cairo in 1970, denouncing Israel and calling for its withdrawal from the Arab territories it occupied after 1967. These clear political stances are the reason for the widespread fame Russell achieved. As for his book "Problems of Philosophy," it does not go beyond being a witness; if Russell is a witness to the development of Western thought, then this book is a witness to an intermediate stage in his thinking. The first stage was when he was Hegelian, influenced by German idealism and Platonic idealism, and the third stage is his participation in the revival of English philosophy and its insistence on restoring the spirit of English empiricism and getting rid of German idealism. "Problems of Philosophy" represents the intermediate second stage, where we find a tendency towards liberation, and we also find the Platonic spirit still present. Moreover, this book remains one of Russell's most important works that humanity has never tired of returning to.