The fundamental questions of philosophy

Author's name: Martin Heidegger Publisher: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Jadid Al-Muttahida Year of publication: 2020 Literary classification: Human and Social Sciences Brief about the book: The lecture was held during the winter session between the years 1937 and 1938 at the University of Freiburg, with an average of one hour weekly. It is a "problem" from the problems of "logic": the problem of truth as the correctness of the proposition, aiming to pose the fundamental question about the nature of truth that is hidden behind the problem. It should be clear that the question of truth is not merely a "problem" from the problems of "logic," but it is the most problematic question in our history so far and the most worthy to be asked in our future history. In order to understand the return to the source of the traditional concept of truth from the perspective of Aristotle's philosophy as a historical reflection, a preliminary contemplation is undertaken on the difference between the historical view of the past and the historical reflection on the future. The question about correctness as the essence of truth turns into the question about the truth of essence, i.e., about the Aristotelian–Platonic conception of the essence of being. It has been shown that the basis for defining the essence of truth as correctness in Aristotle is to conceal the being as the truth, which is the most original of truths, and which Greek philosophers have experienced but not questioned. Therefore, it could be obscured in favor of truth as correctness. Our historical position at the end of the initial beginning of the history of truth requires a historical reflection on the initial beginning, which serves as a prelude to the other beginning. If the harm of initial thinking forced humans and immediately defined them in the fundamental emotional state of astonishment, then our harm, as long as the question of truth was considered a "problem" in "logic," is the absence of harm, and the abandonment of the universe is the basis of the absence of that fundamental emotional state that compels us to another necessity of an original question. The lecture ends with a view of the preserved necessity of our questioning, the necessity of establishing the essence of truth, i.e., carrying the openness itself as a relief to the concealment of the "universe" to its basis and questioning the nature of man as that guardian of the truth of the universe.