Neranj seeds - origins of citrus (Citrus aurantium)

Common name: Neranj. Scientific name: CITRUS AURANTIUM. Also called: Abu Safir. Original habitat: China, from where it spread to many parts of the world, where it is cultivated in Iraq, the Levant, Saudi Arabia, and many Arab countries. Description: Neranj tree belongs to the citrus genus from the Rutaceae family, known as the origin of citrus. It is a perennial evergreen tree that grows upright more than an orange tree, reaching a height of 10 meters. It has spiny branches, darker green leaves than orange tree leaves, and a longer neck. It also has taproots that penetrate deep into the soil. Neranj is considered the most important rootstock for citrus grafting, as grafted trees grow strongly and produce high-quality fruit, with increased acidity, total soluble solids, and vitamin C. Neranj flower: Its small white flowers are characterized by their fragrant scent. Grafting: Grafting onto the Neranj rootstock is done before fruiting by transferring a specific part from a good-quality citrus tree, whether orange or other, and fixing it in a certain way through a cut or wound on the Neranj tree. Grafting is usually done at the end of winter. Neranj fruit: A large, round fruit with an orange color similar to an orange but darker, with a hollow center and thicker peel, yet easier to peel, and its taste is sour. Uses and benefits: Cultivated for its fruit and for decoration. It is considered the most commonly used rootstock for citrus tree grafting. Suitable climate for cultivating the Neranj tree: The Neranj tree tolerates severe cold, high temperatures, and high humidity. Suitable soil for cultivating the Neranj tree: Heavy clay soil, but it can also adapt to calcareous and medium soils. Propagation method for the Neranj tree: By seeds, as well as air layering and cuttings. Best time to plant the Neranj tree: By seeds in spring; by air layering and cuttings at the end of winter when the weather is mild.