Introduction of the first civilizations

Lebon in this book explores with analysis and critique the way in which the first peoples advanced to the ranks of civilization, and discusses the reasons for progress and decline within it, and the factors that played a role in its civilizational cycle of rise and fall, reviewing their social and religious systems, and the emergence of customs and traditions, and the beginning of the development of law, family, industry, governments, language, and many other things, explaining historical events and facts with the laws of psychology and the principle of emergence and progress, which gave the book a rare enjoyment and scientific rigor known by the author in all his books that dealt with the peoples of the early civilizations, in addition to the translation by Professor Mohamed Sadiq Rustom, which is no less skillful than the original text in fidelity, accuracy, and avoiding ambiguity and complexity.