The authority of the criminal judge in deterrence based on suspicion and its impact on the principle of criminal Sharia law: a foundational comparative study

Book / The Authority of the Criminal Judge in Tazir with Suspicion and Its Impact on the Principle of Criminal Legality, by the author / Badr Hamad Al-Dubayan, discusses the authority of the criminal judge in Tazir with suspicion and its impact on the principle of criminal legality through an analytical comparative study between Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary systems. It presents the concept of criminal policy and its elements, clarifies the controls of Tazir with suspicion and its judicial application areas, and discusses the principle of legality and the limits of the judge's discretionary authority. It analyzes the comparative jurisprudential and legal stance, highlights judicial oversight of sentencing discretion through reasoning of judgments and evidence controls, and emphasizes the balance between protecting rights and achieving criminal justice in modern systems through a precise, balanced, and systematic comparative jurisprudential and legal analysis.