Referring to the virtues of commerce and the deception of the deceivers in it

Book / referring to the virtues of commerce and the tricks of the deceivers in it, by the author / Abi al-Fadl Jaafar bin Ali al-Dimashqi, considered one of the oldest Arabic writings that addressed the affairs of trade and its morals in the Islamic Middle Ages. The book presents the virtues and benefits of commercial work, and warns against tricks, deception, and fraud that some traders may fall into, with religious and ethical guidance to improve transactions. It is characterized by a pedagogical and moralizing style, and reflects the reality of markets and trade in the time of the author, combining jurisprudence, commercial experience, and general advice, making it a unique heritage reference in its field.