Grammar schools

This book presents - for the first time - the grammatical schools of Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Andalusian, and Egyptian, detailing their origins, growth, and development, illustrating their precise roots, methodologies, and schools of thought, and providing an overview of their imams and the intricacies of their opinions and grammatical notes. The book corrects many common ideas about each school, showing that Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali of Basra and his students were not the first to establish Arabic grammar rules, and that Al-Khalil (bin Ahmad) was the one who gave grammar its final form. It also clarifies that Kufa, not Basra, was the starting point of the campaign against some readers and readings, and that Abu Ali al-Farsi and Ibn Jinni, both Baghdadi, were not from Basra. Furthermore, the Andalusian and Egyptian schools did not survive on tradition alone but thrived through independent effort and influence, with sound measures that shed light on many hidden aspects of grammar and morphology. In every part of the book, there is a clear presentation and deep analysis of prominent grammarians and their fruitful grammatical efforts, which had the far-reaching impact of ensuring that the Arabic language, throughout history, retains its eternal personality.