Introduction to philosophy

What prompted me to author this book was the sense of emptiness I felt while teaching philosophy. But what I intended was to contribute, with my modest effort, to the philosophical construction in our present era. I tried to provide the reader with a comprehensive "guide" to philosophy in its past and present, but despite its completeness, it is a simple introductory guide aimed at beginners. To achieve this goal, I included many issues and discussions that, until my time, were limited to philosophical encyclopedias. However, on the other hand, I tried, sometimes through critical analysis of philosophical problems, and at other times by considering the purpose of philosophy and its issues from a positive perspective, to revive the spirit of scientific inquiry in the philosophical field, or at least to encourage the dissemination of this spirit. I hope the reader will see that I treated the different philosophical schools and the contrasting theories proposed by every ancient or modern philosopher in a manner free from bias, and that I gave them all an equal amount of attention and study. I also hope the reader will understand the reasons and evidence upon which I based my evaluation of these theories.