The psychological Sunnahs of the development of nations

The sciences of human behavior and cultural and civilizational development occupy a significant part of the interest of thinkers and sociologists. In this book, Gustave Le Bon presents his view of the psychological dimensions of societal development. The author explains through a careful study that each race has fixed psychological traits as fixed as biological traits, where individuals inherit the psychological temperament of their ancestors. The effect of these temperaments is clearly evident in the civilizational formation of the nation as a whole. The ideas, principles, and inherited beliefs embedded in the collective consciousness of a nation produce different patterns of systems and arts, which in turn imprint the external civilizational appearance of that nation with a spirit that distinguishes it from others. This spirit becomes more solid over time, reaching a high degree of depth and complexity, making it difficult to transmit from one nation to another, and equally difficult to break or radically change. The disintegration of a nation's spirit is a harbinger of its decline and deterioration. This version of the book is published and freely available legally from Hindawi Foundation, as the text falls within the scope of public domain according to intellectual property laws.