Leadership and responsiveness

Basic facts revealed by this unique book; the author delved into the study of European heritage, and concluded that Europe; opened its horizons; when it weakened the dominance of the church, and this weakening liberated it from cultural rigidity and changed its view of the world; so it changed the axis of life, the direction of movement, types of activity, and opened up opportunities for investing energies in various options and multiple paths, and transferred it from a funeral culture constrained and proud of this constriction; despising life, underestimating humans, trembling in anticipation of the Hour; to a worldly culture that is free, open, impulsive, and completely different... The book also revealed that European liberation during the early stages of weakening the church's dominance and dismantling feudalism; was not achieved according to a pre-informed plan aimed at liberation, but resulted from a series of factors, adventures, impulsiveness, coincidences, events, and shocks, foremost among which were political events and factors that led to the return of civil sovereignty and the weakening of the church's dominance, all preceding the emergence of modern science and prior to the generalization of education; circumstances change and factors of change differ, but the political factor remains the fundamental, renewing factor whether positively or negatively; so China, which was suffocated by Mao Zedong's tyranny, changed dramatically when it lifted its restrictions under Xiaoping, and Singapore, deprived of all natural resources, became a marvel when Lee Kuan Yew led it creatively; models are repeated positively or negatively... An astonishing result, produced by the book, is that Europe's liberation was not the goal of adventurers and dissidents like Columbus and Luther, but the outcomes of events and actions are not dependent on the intentions of the actors but are a complex product different from what the actors envisioned. The book also reveals that the role of science, philosophy, education, and enlightenment came late, and that the various decisive events, extraordinary individual adventures, and sufficient positive responses; are what shook what was petrified, destroyed what was solid, reorganized Europe with a different vision and institutions, changed perceptions, shifted the focus of interests, reversed directions, and unleashed energies of work and creativity...