Metaphysics

The book "Metaphysics" is not like any other book.. It is the book around which philosophy was analyzed, explained, and interpreted. It is the book that colored religious philosophies, Christian and Islamic, with its tint, and through it and on its basis, the conciliatory philosophies between religion and philosophy were made. It is the book that gave philosophy its terminological definition that still remains today, and it is the definition through which we still distinguish between science and sciences on one hand, and philosophy on the other, and it is the proof-based definition that determines the concept of philosophy and its topics, whether before Aristotle or after him, up to today. And it is the most important among all of Aristotle's writings; that book in which he discussed a subject he generally and repeatedly called in the book "First Philosophy." It became a name for the most influential of Aristotle's writings in the world of philosophy from that time until now; for Aristotle dominated philosophical inquiry in the West and East with this book from the 4th century BC until the beginning of the modern era. It was defined by what is contained in this book as the precise Aristotelian Western meaning of philosophy, and it remained the dominant meaning until today, despite all attempts by subsequent philosophers to expand or escape from it. Consequently, the topics of philosophical research became independent of the topics of research in other sciences, and the main subject of philosophy became what revolves around the inquiry into the nature of existence and its causes, as outlined by Aristotle and discussed through it, and he also documented the history of philosophy and previous philosophers. The entire subsequent history of philosophy up to today has been measuring philosophy: its meaning, subject, and methodology, according to its proximity or distance from this Aristotelian view. Aristotle was born in 384 BC in the city of Stagira, one of the Ionian cities. His father was a doctor to the king of Macedonia, which enabled Aristotle to spend part of his childhood in the Macedonian court. Aristotle studied under Plato, and he remained loyal to his teacher's teachings until his death. Aristotle received an invitation from King Philip of Macedonia to be the tutor of his son Alexander, who was about thirteen years old. After the death of King Philip and Alexander's accession to the throne of Macedonia, Aristotle returned to Athens to begin his intellectual career, founding his own philosophical and scientific school known as the Lyceum. The school was distinguished by the hundreds of manuscripts, maps, and specimens of objects and living beings that became the raw material for his lectures. Aristotle is attributed with approximately ninety-two books.