The Jews in the early civilizations

The rise of states and the emergence of nationalities. Where the modern states were built on a racial basis, and the Jews living in isolation in the "Jewish Ghetto" did not understand that. Also, Western Europe was dominated by a strong hatred for the Jews; which made thinkers like Max Weber consider them the root of evil in the world, while Hegel emphasized that the national spirit did not leave the ideals of liberty and reason, and that its rituals are primitive and irrational. Gustave Le Bon followed the approach of European thinkers in their stance towards the Jews during that era, and he wrote his book "The Jews in the History of Early Civilizations" from this perspective; thus, he accused them and described them with the ugliest traits, denying any role they had in the emergence of ancient civilizations. 20th century.