In the philosophy of culture and cultural criticism

Nashar defines culture as "the theoretical framework of an individual's and society's beliefs in which they live, and what appears evident in their moral, religious, social, and economic behavior." From this definition, several conclusions can be drawn, for example, that culture is what shapes individual and collective consciousness and motivation for their behavior in a certain way. It also forms the conscience, and each culture has its own history and independent historical awareness. The depth of history is evidence of the authenticity, resilience, and ability of culture to renew, open up, and interact with other cultures. The researcher defines developed culture as the culture in which its people uphold high morals. The characteristics of this culture are that its members believe in a specific religious view of the universe, the creation of the world, and the relationship between humans and the world. They balance religious and worldly demands, as well as societal and individual needs. Its members are also characterized by creativity and innovation, and society imposes no restrictions on its members. It is a culture that respects and sanctifies justice. Nashar concludes that developed culture is one in which its members believe that they are not only worthy of creating happiness and a better life for themselves but also for their homeland and all of humanity. The researcher then discusses the mechanisms of this developed culture, finding that scientific thinking in facing problems, analyzing, and solving them is ingrained in their nature as if it were innate. Additionally, they respect freedom of belief and freedom of thought; there is no individual creativity without respect for the freedom of thinking. A person may make mistakes or misunderstand, but they quickly return to the correct path if others guide them. Nashar sees that positive, constructive dialogue is essential; without dialogue, individuals will withdraw and isolate themselves. The researcher emphasizes the importance of critiquing others' opinions to reach the truth. Nashar also considers the duality of mind and emotion among the key mechanisms of this culture. He concludes the set of mechanisms with the principle of sovereignty and respect for law, noting that human society is based on a written agreement among its members, which is the law or constitution.