Epistemology between Kant and Husserl; a study of Kantian origins of phenomenology - Ashraf Mansour

This study compares two of the most important philosophers of the modern era, Immanuel Kant, the founder of critical philosophy, and Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology. Its primary aim is to clarify that Husserl's phenomenology owes its origins to Kantian philosophy, and is a continuation of the thinking style that appeared in Kant's book "Critique of Pure Reason," which he called "Transcendental Analyses." Through detailed comparisons between the two philosophers, the study demonstrates their closeness and unity in perspective and orientations: the presence of intentionality in the Husserlian sense in Kant's theory of the relationship between judgments and categories; the shared concept of "transcendental" in Kant and "phenomenological" in Husserl in terms of meaning, nature, and level of analysis; reducing forms of thought to the cognitive acts of consciousness; treating pre-judgments as transcendental acts of consciousness. It also proves that Kant's analyses of human knowledge contain a clear phenomenological aspect that anticipates Husserl's phenomenology, a clarity that makes Husserl's philosophy the natural extension and logical expansion of Kant's theory of knowledge. Just as Al-Farabi previously attempted to "combine the opinions of the two wise men, Plato and Aristotle," by clarifying that their philosophies agree in goals and purposes despite apparent differences, this study also aims to combine Kant's and Husserl's viewpoints through reading Kant with a Husserlian approach and Husserl with a Kantian approach. The book "The Theory of Knowledge between Kant and Husserl: A Study of Kantian Origins of Phenomenology" by Ashraf Mansour.