The Mutazila, freedom, and the philosophy of criminal law

The topics of philosophy are not a subject that can be more appropriate to provoke questioning than the topic of freedom as a basis for moral and legal responsibility, so freedom is a philosophical problem that has occupied the minds of those interested in studying ethics and law since ancient times, and it distinguished itself from other philosophical problems because it accompanied human's persistent struggle to reach a society based on virtue and justice, and this problem was not previously placed under the term (freedom), but was placed under the terms of determinism and choice.