Epistemology according to Ibn Khaldun | Ali Al-Wardi

The Arab thinker Taha Hussein, and the French translator of Ibn Khaldun's introduction De Slaun, complain about the ambiguity of Ibn Khaldun's writings and their contradictions. And in fact, Ibn Khaldun is far from their appreciation, as his writings are very clear compared to other writers of his time and culture. And the ambiguity of Ibn Khaldun that De Slaun complains about can be attributed to the fact that the latter studied Ibn Khaldun from a "static" perspective, while Ibn Khaldun viewed social phenomena from a "dynamic" perspective. And Ibn Khaldun believes that the same thing can be seen as good and bad, beneficial and harmful. And this is a surprisingly contradictory opinion for those who look at things through Aristotelian logic. Ibn Khaldun lived in a culture completely different from ours, and the truth is that he attacked most intellectual trends and the complexes of attitudes in his era. But despite that, we will not be able to understand his point of view unless we study those trends and values he first attacked. And to understand the true meaning of Ibn Khaldun's theory, it is essential to put ourselves in his place and see the world through his eyes.